Perhaps the FOMC Did What It Said It Did: An Alternative Interpretation of the Great Inflation
نویسنده
چکیده
Bank of Canada working papers are theoretical or empirical works-in-progress on subjects in economics and finance. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors. No responsibility for them should be attributed to the Bank of Canada. ii Acknowledgements We received many valuable comments from participants of the 2006 Workshop on Macroeconomic Forecasting, Analysis and Policy with Data Revision hosted by CIRANO and the Institute for Policy Analysis of the University of Toronto, and seminar participants at the Bank of Canada. We are grateful to Normand Bernard and staff of the FOMC Secretariat for access to historical FOMC documents. Abstract This paper uses real-time briefing forecasts prepared for the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) to provide estimates of historical changes in the design of U.S. monetary policy and in the implied central-bank target for inflation. Empirical results support a description of policy with an effective inflation target of roughly 7 percent in the 1970s. Moreover, the evidence suggests that mismeasurement of the degree of economic slack was largely irrelevant for explaining the Great Inflation while favouring a passive-policy description of monetary policy. FOMC transcripts provide a neglected interpretation of the source of passive policy—intermediate targeting of monetary aggregates. Résumé Les auteurs se fondent sur les prévisions en temps réel produites à l'intention du Comité de l'open market de la Réserve fédérale pour mesurer les changements survenus dans la conception de la politique monétaire américaine et les variations de la cible d'inflation implicite de la banque centrale. Les résultats empiriques portent à croire que la cible se situait dans les faits aux alentours de 7 % durant les années 1970. Ils donnent également à penser que la forte inflation des années 1970 ne peut s'expliquer par des erreurs de mesure de la marge de capacités inutilisées au sein de l'économie. Les résultats sont favorables à une autre explication, qui privilégie la passivité de la politique monétaire. À cet égard, l'analyse des comptes rendus des réunions du Comité de l'open market fait ressortir un facteur, négligé jusqu'ici, qui aide à comprendre la faible réactivité de la politique monétaire : la poursuite d'objectifs intermédiaires de croissance des agrégats monétaires. Classification JEL : E3, E5, N1 Classification de la Banque : Recherches menées par les banques centrales; Agrégats monétaires; Mise en oeuvre de la politique monétaire
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